http://onin.com/fp/fphistory.html
http://www.fingerprinting.com/
http://www.paperpenalia.com/handwriting.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8754584
http://www.keratin.com/aa/aa012.shtml
Monday, December 5, 2011
Sunday, December 4, 2011
Introduction into Forensics
What is Forensics? The study of forensics has been proven very useful when solving criminal cases. It is nearly impossible for someone to commit a crime without leaving a trace of evidence. Anything left could be used to identify them; a fingerprint, strand of hair/fiber, lipstick,a note, or even a footprint. Don't know how these could possibly help you? Don't worry, that's why you're reading my blog.
Forensics: Hair/Fiber Analysis
History:
Hair and Fiber analysis is a field in forensics that has evolved and become key as evidence in trials across the nation. Hair and fiber analysis has played an important role in solving crimes, used in the Leo Rank Trial of 1913 to match the hairs of the victim with the crime scene. Hair analysis was also used in the Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti to match hairs found in a cap to those taken from Sacco.
Different Hair/Fiber samples:
In the Lab we were to test several different hairs to see the different patterns of the hairs and fibers.
Fibers:
-Polyester
-Cotton
-Wool
-Rayon
-Silk
How do Scientist analyze hair and fibers?
Most comparisons of hair and fiber are done with a microscope, although fibers can be run through a spectrometer to determine an unknown material. Samples from the suspects should number from about 15-25 strands from different locations so as to receive an accurate match.
Landmark Case:
One of the most famous cases involving Hair or Fiber Analysis was the Atlanta Child Murders case. Victims were found in rivers wrapped in shower curtains. The fibers proved a perfect match to a very unusual carpet in the murderer's home(a yellow rug), after testing the criminal was discovered. This was the first case in which the murderer was indentified from fibers found.
Hair and Fiber analysis is a field in forensics that has evolved and become key as evidence in trials across the nation. Hair and fiber analysis has played an important role in solving crimes, used in the Leo Rank Trial of 1913 to match the hairs of the victim with the crime scene. Hair analysis was also used in the Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti to match hairs found in a cap to those taken from Sacco.
Different Hair/Fiber samples:
In the Lab we were to test several different hairs to see the different patterns of the hairs and fibers.
Fibers:
-Polyester
-Cotton
-Wool
-Rayon
-Silk
How do Scientist analyze hair and fibers?
Most comparisons of hair and fiber are done with a microscope, although fibers can be run through a spectrometer to determine an unknown material. Samples from the suspects should number from about 15-25 strands from different locations so as to receive an accurate match.
Landmark Case:
Forensics: Lipstick Analysis
For the lipstick part of the forensics subject we were asked to place our lip print on a index card.
Then we were supposed to observe the indent and make note of our prints.
For the lab part of the assignment we were instructed to work with our table and place all four of our prints on a sheet of paper and allow another group to match each other's prints.
This lab was able to teach us that even a lip print can help investigators find a suspect.
Forensics: Handwriting Analysis
History:
The use of handwriting has been used by investigators for many different cases. In 1611, Prospero Alorisio's manuscript was the first book to analyze handwriting. Later on, in 1976, the Council of Graphological Societies formed from the unification of the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation and the American Association of Handwriting Analysis.
Characteristics of Handwriting:
1. Line Quality- Do the letters flow or are they deliberately written?
2. Spacing of Words and Letters- What is the average space between words and letters?
3. Ratio of Height, Width, and Size of Letters- Are these consistent throughout document?
4. Lifting of the Writing Instrument- Is the instrument lifted to form a new letter/word, or does it stay on the page?
5. Connecting of Strokes- Are the capital and lower case letters conected?
6. Stroke From Beginning to End- Where does the individual letter begin and end?
7. Usual Letter Formation- Are the letters written in unique ways/ formats?
8. Pressure- What is the ratio of pressure to upward and downward strokes?
9. Slant- Do the letters slant to the left, right, or not at all?
10. Baseline Habits- Is the writing on, below, or above the line?
11. Fancy Writing Habits- Are there noticable curls or loops?
12. Placement of Diacritics- Where does the writer cross the t's or dot the i's?
Famous Forged Case:
In the 1920's the Oliver Will case was tried in White Plains, New York where the question about a date on which a will was written. The top of the form of which the title and date were supposed to be had been torn off. There were two possible dates of which the form was created; January 8, 1924, or October 8, 1924. The date of the alleged will was September 20, 1924. Upon examination it was discovered that in tearing away of the dated portion of the form, the tail of the comma in the address was still visible. The position on the paper of that comma tail proved that the form could not have been the January 8th form. Therefor they were able to prove the will was forged.
Lab:
For the lab we were supposed to write an statement for in print and cursive and pass it to a partner. Then our partner was to observe our writing and try to forge it. The purpose of the assignment was to see how forgery is observed by crime scene officials. It can be used for suicide notes, kidnapping notes, forged checks, etc. . .
The use of handwriting has been used by investigators for many different cases. In 1611, Prospero Alorisio's manuscript was the first book to analyze handwriting. Later on, in 1976, the Council of Graphological Societies formed from the unification of the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation and the American Association of Handwriting Analysis.
Characteristics of Handwriting:
1. Line Quality- Do the letters flow or are they deliberately written?
2. Spacing of Words and Letters- What is the average space between words and letters?
3. Ratio of Height, Width, and Size of Letters- Are these consistent throughout document?
4. Lifting of the Writing Instrument- Is the instrument lifted to form a new letter/word, or does it stay on the page?
5. Connecting of Strokes- Are the capital and lower case letters conected?
6. Stroke From Beginning to End- Where does the individual letter begin and end?
7. Usual Letter Formation- Are the letters written in unique ways/ formats?
8. Pressure- What is the ratio of pressure to upward and downward strokes?
9. Slant- Do the letters slant to the left, right, or not at all?
10. Baseline Habits- Is the writing on, below, or above the line?
11. Fancy Writing Habits- Are there noticable curls or loops?
12. Placement of Diacritics- Where does the writer cross the t's or dot the i's?
Famous Forged Case:
In the 1920's the Oliver Will case was tried in White Plains, New York where the question about a date on which a will was written. The top of the form of which the title and date were supposed to be had been torn off. There were two possible dates of which the form was created; January 8, 1924, or October 8, 1924. The date of the alleged will was September 20, 1924. Upon examination it was discovered that in tearing away of the dated portion of the form, the tail of the comma in the address was still visible. The position on the paper of that comma tail proved that the form could not have been the January 8th form. Therefor they were able to prove the will was forged.
Lab:
Forensics: Footprinting
To begin the lab we were asked to place our foot into a bucket filled with dirt and then take measurements of it.
This was my foot. As you can see the bottom was just a roundish indent. The reason behind that was I was wearing heels that day.
This was my foot. As you can see the bottom was just a roundish indent. The reason behind that was I was wearing heels that day. Length: 8 in
Width: 4.5 in
Position in track series: Straight
Depth of heel: 1 in
This activity helped us see how a footprint left could possibly help us identify a suspect.
Forensics: Create a Profile
For this assignment we were asked to identify different clues to create a conclusion to a crime scene.
Analyzing Clues:
Clue 1: Fingerprints
1-Plain Whorl
2-Central Pocket Loop
3-Central Pocket Loop
4-Ulnar Loop
Clue 2: Hair
Caucasian (Long) Long (Female?)
Clue 3: Handwriting
"You will never find her!
-mix of print & cursive
-large loops
-no lifting of pen
-consistent spacing
-dots are high and shifted right.
-flows well/quick writing.
Clue 4: Hair
Short, black towards end, white towards root.
Cat Hair
Clue 5: Lipstick
No definite shape
Initial Profile: The female victim was kidnapped, possibly wearing pink lipstick.
Analyzing Clues:
Clue 1: Fingerprints
1-Plain Whorl
2-Central Pocket Loop
3-Central Pocket Loop
4-Ulnar Loop
Clue 2: Hair
Caucasian (Long) Long (Female?)
Clue 3: Handwriting
"You will never find her!
-mix of print & cursive
-large loops
-no lifting of pen
-consistent spacing
-dots are high and shifted right.
-flows well/quick writing.
Clue 4: Hair
Short, black towards end, white towards root.
Cat Hair
Clue 5: Lipstick
No definite shape
Initial Profile: The female victim was kidnapped, possibly wearing pink lipstick.
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